It seems that when it comes to weaning long-term patients from a ventilator, there are as many theories on how to do it as there are intensivists. And probably more.
Many methods have been put forward. Certainly, its important to address any reversible factors that contribute to weaning failure, the subject of our December vodcast. Issues with resistance, compliance, power, demand and sputum clearance, as well as unmasking borderling cardiac function, all appear important.
The best method though for successfully liberating patients from the ventilator is contentious. Progressive reduction in inspiratory pressure, utilising intermittant mandatory ventilation with decreasing mandatory frequency, and periods of "spontaneous ventilation" have been proposed, and all probably have their merits. Few studies exist, with conflicting results, though SIMV does not appear to be as good as other methods. Much of this is myred in definitional differences, with no consensus on the appropriate use of these methods.
An interesting paper has been released recently highlighting the impact of mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic strength, and the results are frightening. Although small numbers, if the results are verified, the 6% loss of diaphragmatic thickness per day is likely to have major effects on weaning, and begins less than 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation.
So what is the best method of "training" patients to come of ventilation?
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